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- Economy
-
- Overview: Severe factional infighting in 1989 has been destroying
- physical property, interrupting the established pattern of
- economic affairs, and practically ending chances of restoring
- Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern entrepot and banking
- hub. The ordinary Lebanese citizen struggles to keep afloat
- in an environment of physical danger, high unemployment, and
- growing shortages. The central government's ability to collect
- taxes has suffered greatly from militia control and taxation of
- local areas. As the civil strife persists, the US dollar has
- become more and more the medium of exchange. Transportation,
- communications, and other parts of the infrastructure continue to
- deteriorate. Family remittances, foreign political money going to
- the factions, international emergency aid, and a small volume of
- manufactured exports help prop up the battered economy. Prospects
- for 1990 are grim, with expected further declines in economic
- activity and living standards.
-
- GDP: $2.3 billion, per capita $700; real growth rate NA%
- (1989 est.).
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 60% (1989 est.).
-
- Unemployment rate: 33% (1987 est.).
-
- Budget: revenues $50 million; expenditures $650 million,
- including capital expenditures of $NA (1988 est.).
-
- Exports: $1.0 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities--agricultural
- products, chemicals, textiles, precious and semiprecious
- metals and jewelry, metals and metal products; partners--Saudi
- Arabia 16%, Switzerland 8%, Jordan 6%, Kuwait 6%, US 5%.
-
- Imports: $1.5 billion (c.i.f., 1987); commodities--NA; partners--
- Italy 14%, France 12%, US 6%, Turkey 5%, Saudi Arabia 3%.
-
- External debt: $935 million (December 1988).
-
- Industrial production: growth rate NA%.
-
- Electricity: 1,381,000 kW capacity; 3,870 million kWh produced,
- 1,170 kWh per capita (1989).
-
- Industries: banking, food processing, textiles, cement,
- oil refining, chemicals, jewelry, some metal fabricating.
-
- Agriculture: accounts for about one-third of GDP; principal
- products--citrus fruits, vegetables, potatoes, olives, tobacco,
- hemp (hashish), sheep, and goats; not self-sufficient in grain.
-
- Illicit drugs: illicit producer of opium poppy and cannabis
- for the international drug trade; opium poppy production
- in Al Biqa is increasing; most hashish production is shipped
- to Western Europe.
-
- Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $356 million;
- Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
- (1970-87), $509 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $962
- million; Communist countries (1970-86), $9 million.
-
- Currency: Lebanese pound (plural--pounds); 1 Lebanese pound
- (LL) = 100 piasters.
-
- Exchange rates: Lebanese pounds (LL) per US$1--474.21 (December
- 1989), 496.69 (1989), 409.23 (1988), 224.60 (1987), 38.37
- (1986), 16.42 (1985).
-
- Fiscal year: calendar year.
-